In particular, mulchbased no tillage systems can be used to reduce tillage in organic production, improving soil quality while decreasing labor and fuel requirements. Maize is common millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. Declining soil fertility is a main reason for the slow growth in food production in subsaharan africa 1. Runaway maize subsidised soil destruction june 2015. Package of practices for organic production of crops and. Maize farming corn information detailed guide agri farming. Effect of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on the. Factors affecting adoption and intensity of use of organic. Understand soil fertility and water management in maize production manage the maize stem borer and striga weed manage maize weevils in stored maize gr ains receive guidance on marketing and organic certification of maize production 1 introduction maize zea mays l.
Effects of organic and inorganic manures on maize and. When it comes to the production of agronomic and vegetable crops, organic growing typically entails an inte. The objective of this experiment was, therefore, to investigate the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and yield components and nutrient contents of maize. The effects of organic and inorganic amendments on soil. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and. Farm production recordkeeping workbook optimize your recordkeeping time by using the forms in this workbook for both organic certification and crop insurance reporting. Organic and inorganic fertilizer effects on the growth and yield of maize in a dry agroecology in northern ghana. The importance of soil organic matter key to droughtresistant soil and sustained food and production by alexandra bot fao consultant and jose benites fao land and plant nutrition management service food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2005 fao soils bulletin 80.
The effect on the maize will, however, be very minimal since maize is a heavy feeder. Organic corn production organic agriculture centre of. Maize cultivation provides a valuable addition to the feed ration in farms with dairy cows. Maize cultivar performance under diverse organic production. Organic crop production guide npof, icariifsr, modipuram. The importance of soil organic matter food and agriculture. Maize dolichos lablab, a perrenial legune best suited to frost free areas where it grows throughout the dry season and gives excellent gound cover and organic matter production. This study focused on factors affecting adoption and intensity of use of organic soil management practices in maize production in bungoma county.
There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. Integrating manure as a fertilizer for crop production is the primary accepted mechanism for disposal of manure from animal feeding operations. The effects of dairy cattle manure and mineral n fertilizer. For additional information on composting, please ask for attrais farmscale composting resource list, biodynamic farming and compost preparation, and vermicomposting publications. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the. Sustainable and organic approaches to meet human needs 1 integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for maize production wakene negassa 1, fite getaneh 2, abdena deressa 3, and berhanu dinsa 3 1university of rostock, institute of land use, justusvonliebig weg 6, 18059, rostock, germany. Introduction agriculture is known to be the oldest industry in the world. Pdf water is direly needed for normal growth and development of maize crop. Grass or bush fallow a fallow period where no crops are grown.
The application of manure to maize fields has several benefits, including reducing production costs and improving the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils eghball, 2002, butler and muir, 2006. Graded replacement of inorganic fertilizer with organic. Data for 1997 and 200011 are presented by state and commodity see the state tables section. This publication is designed to be both an introduction to a new enterprise as well as a practical manual for those interested in pursuing organic corn production on their own farms. African organic agriculture training manual m9 crop management. In organic agriculture, maize for silagecultivation still plays a minor role although the productivity and the energycontent of the forage plant are topics of interest germeier 1997. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the. These scenarios necessitate the use of integrated nutrient management in maize production since combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers builds ecologically sound and economically viable farming systems rajeshwari, 2005. Organic fertilizers have many benefits to your crops the. Investigations into nutritional quality, commercial productivity, and genetic purity of maize grain for organic production systems, ryan huffman.
Dec 15, 2016 maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. In organic agriculture, maize for silagecultivation still plays a minor role although the productivity and the energycontent of the forage plant are topics of interest. Comparative performance of organic fertilizers in maize zea. Annual maize and perennial grassclover strip cropping for increased resource use efficiency and productivity using organic farming practice as a model. For additional information on manure, including nutrient analyses, hazards, spreader calibration. Maize and agroforestry legume shrubs are regularly pruned and the prunings left to cover the soil. Major maize or corn growing states are uttar pradesh, rajasthan, mp, bihar, himachal pradesh, jammu and kashmir, and punjab which together account for twothirds of the total area and output of the crop. Identification of spectral disease signatures and resistant qtl for charcoal rot infection in soybean, sarah jones. The objectives of this work were to evaluate under organic and conventional agriculture several maize varieties improved for grain yield or.
Organic farm planning under the usdas national organic program. For more information on organic corn production practices, visit one of the following web. Combining organic farming and conservation agriculture is a viable alternative to address these challenges. The best solution for farmers in such situations is to switch to organic fertilizers. Both organic and conventional production systems have many common objectives and managing potassium for organic crop production by robert mikkelsen an adequate k supply is essential for both organic and conventional crop production. Maize crop production requires heavy fertilizer for an optimum yield in terms of nitrogen derived from chemical or organic manure awotundun et al, 1994. Maize growth parameters and yields were all significantly increased p organic and inorganic fertilizers when compared with the control.
Natural fertilizers have immense benefits for the soil and crop production. Of 820 certified organic producers in the uk in 1996, less than 50 had any poultry enterprises, and only 10 of these were of a significant scale. Mosaic is a viral disease that typically attacks lateplanted corn. Effect of organic manure on the growth and yield performance. The challenges and some answers to maize cropping in zambia. Apr 27, 2015 major maize production states in india. Agronomy theses and dissertations agronomy iowa state. The objective of this paper is to highlight on the effects of complementary applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the production of maize in nigeria. Maize corn is largely cultivated crop in north india. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria. Maize crops can be successful in an organic system by modifying crop husbandry and using mechanical weed control, according to one west sussexbased producer.
Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states in 2014. However, the cultivation of organic maize is challenging and posing risks regarding erosion, leaching of nutrients and soil compaction. Organic manure production from cow dung and biogas plant slurry by. As influenced by complementary use of organic and inorganic fertilizers saidu adamu, babalade okotade leye crop production department, federal university of technology, minna, nigeria abstract a field experiment was conducted at the teaching and research farm of crop production department, federal university. Package of practices for organic production of crops and cropping systems icarindian institute of farming systems research modipuram, meerut 250 110 up. Soil organic c soc is an important indicator of soil quality and agronomic sustainability in longterm studies reeves, 1997. Pdf growth and yield response of maize cultivars to organic. Using manure as a fertilizer for crop production john a. Productivity, profitability and partial nutrient balance in maize. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain.
Its purpose in the growing of crops and rearing of animals, all geared towards production of food and feed for man and his live stocks. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. Comparative performance of organic fertilizers in maize. Low inputs in agriculture mainly explain the cause of low and. Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes. As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country. Agroecosystem performance during transition to certified organic grain production. Using mulch from cover crops to facilitate organic notill. Effect of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers on. Low soil fertility due to monoculture cereal production systems is recognized as one of the.
Corn is not especially difficult to produce using organic methods, though focusing on this single crop is a poor starting point and leads to a misunderstanding of how organic farming works. Lory and ray massey, associate professors of extension, university of missouri. Soil loss due to water erosion for different maize cropping systems 38 17. The gap is particularly important for wheat, with a yield ranging between 40% germany and 85% italy of conventional yields. Effects of long term application of inorganic and organic. Effect of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of hybrid maize zea mays. Organic field corn production page 3 are more useful in building soil fertility over time. Breeding maize for traditional and organic agriculture. Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilisers for. Maize is worlds one of the three most popular cereal crops.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Economic responses of maize, soybean, and wheat in. Addition of n fertilizer failed to increase yield in. Maize zea mays l is a member of the family graminae and it is an annual crop serving as a good source of food for human consumption in form of maize powder, maize meal and confectionaries such as bread, biscuits and cakes. Receiving as a reference to the available theoretical and practical educational materials included in this maize farming techniques manual. The term organic farming describes systems that work to mimic and optimize natural processes for the production of crops.
Characteristics effects of weed on growth performance and. This threatens uk food production the land the nfu wants to be used to grow fuel could produce over 1 million tonnes of wheat, or over 5. Intensive cultivation causes plant nutrient depletion and yield decline. Effect of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers on maize production on alfisols and ultisols in kakamega, western kenya 1achieng. Only the usa, china and brazil contribute 63% to the global maize production whilst mexico, argentina, india, ukraine, indonesia, france, canada and south africa are also. Impact of organic fertilization on maize zea mays l. Please refer to chapter 19 for information on biopesticides including materials labeled for certified organic production. The operational nitrogen balance of a farm can be improved by cultivating maize. Organic production is characterised by a significantly lower yield than under conventional production. It has been noted that, it is impossible to grow healthy and vigorous crops without humus, which is derived from both vegetable and animal materials. Also an excellent fodder which is high in lysine so also good for monogastric animals.
The effects of different application rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physical properties and maize production in a severely degraded ultisol in southern nigeria were studied for two growing seasons. On organic production, 2 hand weeding at seedling stage and other at boot leaf formation will keep the field weed free. Addition of som enhances soil organic carbon soc content, which is an important indicator of soil quality and crop productivity 7. Organic fertilizers have many benefits for the soil. These are presented in tables showing the change in u. Complementary effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on maize production in the smallholder farms of meru south district, kenya. Research on organic corn practices and products are limited and many questions remain, but for some small to midsized farms interested in diverse crop rotations, and value added marketing, there could be some potential for this enterprise in our region. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. In maize production, low soil fertility is one of the limiting factors in nigeria especially ebonyi state. It is time for planting again and farmers are struggling to buy inputs for use in planting maize, beans and other crops. Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields. The vast majority of maize varieties mar keted in the.
Deep fertile soils rich in organic matter and welldrained soils are the most. Organic poultry production in the uk is underdeveloped compared with other organic sectors. Pdf maize is a major crop grown and consumed in uganda and it requires a high fertilizer input. A typical 4 year rotation would include a cycle with maize and beans, a root crop and cereals with either of the following. Organic and inorganic fertilizer effects on the growth and. The importance of soil organic matter key to droughtresistant soil and sustained food production. The importance of soil organic matter home food and.
Since 1990, the arable land growing organic maize for silage amounts to less. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Maize production is in between 1014 million tones, with 80 90% of the production. Pertinent topics are organized into seven individual sections.
The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers for. Development of water turbidity rates in the catchment area of rio do. A legume crop where a green manure, which is a plant grown. Maize damages soils maize crops have severe negative impacts on public goods like soils and fresh water. Effects of organic and inorganic manures on maize and their. Legumes such as beans or peas fix nitrogen required for proper maize growth. Organic crop production the basic principles of plant nutrition are the same, whatever the production system used. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry. Pdf on dec 17, 2015, dognimeton soro and others published impact of organic fertilization on maize zea mays l. Pdf factors that transformed maize productivity in ethiopia.